GENEVA: Six practical measures addressing climate change and public health could prevent approximately 1.6 million deaths every year while generating trillions of dollars in economic and fiscal benefits, according to a new report by the World Health Organization (WHO).
The report highlights how investments in climate-resilient public services, cleaner energy and pollution reduction can deliver significant improvements in human health while supporting environmental protection and economic development.
According to the WHO findings, implementing these measures could generate an estimated US$3.9 trillion in annual economic benefits, demonstrating that climate action can also provide substantial financial returns.
Six Measures to Protect Human Health and the Climate
The WHO report identifies six priority actions that governments can implement to reduce climate-related health risks and improve living conditions.
1. Early Warning Systems for Extreme Heat
Expanding heat-health warning systems can help communities prepare for dangerous temperature increases. Timely alerts allow governments, healthcare facilities and individuals to take preventive measures, particularly to protect older people, children, outdoor workers and other vulnerable groups.
2. Climate-Resilient Drinking Water Systems
Ensuring access to safe drinking water is essential as floods, droughts and other climate disasters increasingly threaten water supplies. Stronger and more resilient water infrastructure can reduce the spread of waterborne diseases and protect communities during emergencies.
3. Improved Toilets and Sanitation
Better sanitation facilities can prevent contamination of drinking water, reduce infectious diseases and protect public health, particularly in communities exposed to flooding and extreme weather.
4. Handwashing Facilities for Everyone
Universal access to handwashing facilities, clean water and soap can help prevent infections and improve hygiene. These facilities are particularly important in schools, healthcare centres and densely populated communities.
5. Cleaner Fuels for Cooking and Heating
Replacing polluting cooking and heating fuels with cleaner alternatives can reduce harmful household air pollution. This measure can improve respiratory and cardiovascular health while also helping lower greenhouse gas emissions.
6. Smarter Fossil Fuel Pricing
Reforming fossil fuel pricing can help reduce pollution and encourage a shift towards cleaner energy sources. Better pricing policies can also support more efficient energy consumption and create economic incentives for sustainable alternatives.
Every Dollar Invested Could Generate US$24 in Benefits
One of the report’s key findings highlights the financial value of investing in preventive climate and health measures.
For every US$1 invested in five of the recommended actions, the potential return could reach approximately US$24 in economic and social benefits.
The benefits extend beyond healthcare savings. Reduced pollution, fewer climate-related illnesses, improved productivity and stronger public infrastructure can all contribute to long-term economic gains.
The estimated US$3.9 trillion in annual benefits further demonstrates the potential of coordinated climate and public health policies.
